Inflammation of the prostate or prostatitis can be acute or chronic. Often, organ damage is caused by a specific or non-specific infection, and sometimes pathological changes develop as a result of obstruction in the small pelvis. The main symptoms are impaired urination and decreased capacity. Treatment should be comprehensive and include the use of medications and normalization of blood circulation in the pelvic organs in men.
Classification and features of prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate in men is a pathology that significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and causes a number of serious complications from both the urinary and genital organs.
Prostatitis can be acute or chronic throughout the course. The latter can occur spontaneously (which is more common) or is the result of an acute process that is not treated.
classify prostatitis as follows:
- First category or acute bacterial prostatitis.
- The second is chronic bacterial inflammation.
- Third or chronic abacterial prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome). 3A - divided into inflammatory and 3B - non-inflammatory. Fourth is asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate gland.
The first and second categories are defined for patients with a positive bacteriological study. The difference is that the first is diagnosed when the symptoms do not last more than 3 months. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is diagnosed with longer clinical manifestations.
The third category of patients is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome because the main complaint of patients is pain for at least 3 months. Examination of secretions (discharge, urine, glandular secretion after massage) does not reveal pathological microflora. In these tests, if the leukocyte count increases, a normal inflammatory prostatitis (category 3A) is established.
Most men fall into one of the above categories because patients seek help because of certain pathological symptoms.
Doctors have recently diagnosed a fourth subtype of the disease - asymptomatic prostatitis. It is diagnosed accidentally during medical examinations or when a man is examined for other diseases of the genitourinary system. The danger of this form is the presence of pathological changes in the prostate gland, but the disease does not show any subjective symptoms. This condition often leads to the development of infertility.
Why do men have a burning sensation in the urethra
Reasons
Acute prostatitis in men occurs in 70% of cases due to E. coli infection.In other cases, the pathology is caused by enterobacteria such as pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus. Staphylococci and streptococci are less common.
Specific infections include neisseria gonorrhea and trichomonas vaginalis, which can cause acute prostatitis.
Contributing factors are:
- Perform various surgeries on the male genitals.
- Narrowing of the urethra as a result of chronic and acute inflammatory processes in the urethra.
- Carrying out diagnostic procedures - cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.
- Urinary incontinence due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Pathogenesis of opportunistic microflora (enterobacteria) under the influence of immunity and other diseases of the body.
- Irregular sex life that causes stagnation of secretions in the prostate gland.
Chronic inflammation
If chronic prostatitis appears to be a continuation of an acute process, the cause will be the same. The primary predisposing factors for this form of the disease are:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Clostridium.
- Gonorrhea and Trichomonas (can cause an immediate chronic form without an acute period).
- Salmonella.
- Different types of mushrooms.
A phenomenon such as intraprostatic reflux - the flow of urine through the secretory ducts to the prostate glandplays an important role in the mechanism of pathology. As a result of this process, the infection can easily enter the body, multiply and cause inflammation. Increase reflux:
- phimosis (narrowing of the circumcision);
- decrease in the lumen of the urethra;
- balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin);
- Stone obstruction of the urethra in urolithiasis.
Reflux and irregular sex increase stagnant processes in the prostate, which leads to the active proliferation of microorganisms, intensification and spread of inflammation.As a result, areas of fibrosisarrival. prostate calculus. All this increases the pathological process and leads to serious consequences.
Bacterial chronic prostatitis
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is synonymous with this disease and occurs without the presence of any microorganisms in the secretions detected by standard microbiological methods.
There are several theories about the appearance of pathology:
- contagious;
- chemical inflammation;
- is inviolable.
Confirmation of the infection theory is the detection of DNA of pathogens in the secretion of the prostate gland during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, the microorganisms themselves are not detected by other microbiological methods.
In general, the genetic material of the following bacteria is found with CPPS:
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasma urealyticum).
- Mycoplasma hominis.
- Chlamydia trachomatis.
- Trichomonas vaginalis.
Chemical inflammation theory explains CPPS as intraprostatic reflux, but in this case the cause is not the bacteria, but the urine itself. After falling into the prostate, it damages cell structures and responds inflammatoryly.
According to the theory of immunity, it occurs as a result of pathological, autoimmune processes or as a result of immunity against the entry of a foreign antigen into an organ.
In most cases, CPPS is not one, but a complex effect.
The trigger for asymptomatic prostatitis can be anyone who can cause the above categories, the only difference is in this form of the disease.
symptoms
Acute bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland is characterized by the appearance of general and local symptoms.
Severe pain in the suprapubic region and perineum and urinary incontinence until complete cessation. Common symptoms include body aches, sweating, chills, fever, and weakness.
Sometimes the pain only occurs during bowel movements or in a sitting position. In some atypical cases, fever is the only symptom of the disease.
Acute urinary retention occurs with severe prostatic edema. This is because an enlarged organ compresses the urethra and creates a mechanical barrier to the excretion of substances in the bladder. At the same time, the patient's general condition significantly deteriorates: the symptoms of intoxication increase every hour, and in severe cases, poor consciousness and even coma may occur.
If the diagnosis is delayed, complications such as prostate abscess (swelling) may occur with pus in the urethra or rectum. The result is fistulas that require surgery and reconstructive surgery.
Manifestations of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate
The manifestations of this form of the disease are different and range from incomplete symptoms to acute exacerbation of the process.
In most cases, patients may experience pain of varying intensity in the perineum and rectum, scrotum, sacrum, penis, and thighs. . Sometimes the pain syndrome is paroxysmal, reminiscent of neuralgia.
Urethral discomfort and frequent urination are also observed. Sometimes a discharge from the urethra is prescribed. They get worse during the day after walking, exercise, bowel movements or prostate massage.
There is a feeling of heaviness, pressure, fullness in the rectum and perineum. These symptoms get worse after sitting for a long time. This form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of inflammatory processes in the urinary system caused by the same microflora - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.
Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis
Patients suffer from pelvic and perineal pain for more than 3 months and the results of bacteriological examination are negative.There are different types of urinary disorders:
- frequent urination;
- difficulty urinating (slow flow, need for extra effort);
- Pain when urinating.
Sometimes there are sexual disorders - decreased libido, impotence.Common symptoms often appear in the form of weakness, headache.
Drug Treatment
Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy. In a chronic period, drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones are indicated. Beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides are prescribed for acute prostatitis.Treatment is carried out in 2 stages:
- Empirical therapy is prescribed first (before taking the product). Third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones are used for this purpose.
- In the second stage, the treatment is adjusted according to the results of sensitivity to bacteriological data and antibacterial agents.
These groups of antibiotics are distinguished because they penetrate the hematoprostatic barrier and create high concentrations of the substance in the prostate gland. This allows you to eliminate the center of infection. Antimicrobial therapy is also prescribed for abacterial prostatitis, which is necessary for 2 reasons:
- Antibiotics significantly alleviate the condition of patients.
- In secretions that are difficult to detect by laboratory methods, there is a high probability of the presence of microorganisms in the prostate.
The antibiotic regimen for chronic pelvic pain syndrome is as follows:
- A fluoroquinolone or doxycycline is prescribed for 2 weeks.
- Re-examination of prostate secretion is performed and the drug is continued for up to 4 weeks with reduction of symptoms.
Treat patients with asymptomatic prostatitis according to the following indications:
- infinity;
- as a prophylaxis before prostate surgery;
- when identifying pathogenic microorganisms in the secretion;
- with increased antiprostatic antibody levels in the blood and positive microbiological tests.
Other means
Drugs from the group of alpha-blockers are prescribed for prostatitis. These funds increase the maximum and average urine flow rate, reduce the tone of the wall of the urethra and eliminate the incomplete opening of the bladder neck during ejaculation. These effects eliminate the following events:
- Frequent and painful urination;
- jet flow reduction;
- requires extra effort to urinate.
Typical representatives are Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin and Doxazosin, which are especially relevant in chronic forms of the disease.The course of treatment with these drugs is at least 3 months.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as symptomatic therapy. Reduces inflammation, edema & reduces painDrugs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, nimesulide and others are used. The duration of treatment with these agents should not exceed 4 weeks. These drugs are taken after eating, as they irritate the stomach wall.
In addition to pills, topical treatments are also used. For this purpose, patients are given Vitaprost, Prostatylene, Uroprost, etc. As with suppositories, medications are also indicated for prostate adenoma.
Herbal medicine
Dwarf palm extract is widely used in traditional medicine. The active ingredients reduce inflammation, edema and have a vasoprotective effect (strengthens the vascular wall).
The bark of the African plum tree has a similar effect.
Prostatylene is of natural origin. It is made from the prostate gland of cattle. Has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the appearance of prostate adenoma.
Folk remedies
Prostatitis can be treated with folk remedies. In the first place in terms of effectiveness - the use of pumpkin seed oil. You can buy this product in pharmacies. Take for 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day, the course of treatment is 3-4 months.For the prevention of prostate disease, all men can use 30 pumpkin seeds once a day before meals. You should take them raw, because after frying they lose their healing properties.
Pumpkin seeds prepared according to the following recipe can be used for treatment:
- 0. 5 kg of peeled seeds are ground in a meat grinder or blender.
- Add 200 g of honey to them and mix everything until smooth.
- Forms 2-3 cm balls.
Keep them in the fridge, take a piece 30 minutes before eating. This product should be chewed for 2-3 minutes and thawed, not swallowed. The duration of treatment is 6 months.
An infusion of the leaves or a mixture of hazelnut bark has a healing effect on prostatitis. You need to take 1 tablespoon to prepare the first medicine. l. dry leaves and infuse in a glass of boiling water. You need to insist for 30 minutes and take 1/4 of the resulting solution 4 times a day. 1 tbsp for a decoction of the bark. l. Pour 200 ml of crushed raw material and cook for 30 minutes in a water bath. After that, the drug should be cooled and taken 1/4 cup 4 times a day.
Parsley has a therapeutic effect on prostatitis. Has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps to restore sexual activity. In this case, parsley juice is used. To do this, the greens are brought to the state of corn and squeeze the liquid inside through gauze folded 3-4 times. Take for 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
Treat prostatitis at home and with herbs. One of them is wormwood. Allows you to eliminate inflammation and rid the body of pathogens. It is taken dry for the first 3 days - it is absorbed orally every 2-3 hours. Reduces the number of receptions to 5 for the next four days. Make microclusters from grass every day and night.
To do this, you need to prepare an infusion: 1 tbsp. l. You should take 1 liter of water. The composition should be boiled and cooled to +40 degrees. The solution should then be filtered. It is necessary to make injections into the anus (100 ml), as well as into the urethra (50 ml). Procedures should be performed within a week. Shown in a chronic period.Pus is possible during douching and microclysters - this is a normal phenomenon that shows the effectiveness of treatment.
Result
Physiotherapy, prostate massage and organ acupuncture are used in addition to the main treatments for the disease.
Living with chronic prostatitis means regular check-ups and therapy because of the high risk of loss of reproductive function.